看RDA的館員訓練資料(一)

新編目規則 RDA(Resource Description and Access, 資源描述和檢索)正由美國國會圖書館(LC)等大館在作測試中，LC日前公布了一些給館員的訓練資料，其中一個練習題如下[1] -- 編一本書、著錄核心資料元素(core elements)[2]：

Cataloging a book -- core elements

020 $a 9714680700275
100 $a Lewis, Amy.
245 $a Intergenerational commmunication / $c Amy Lewis, Carl Hayes, Jack Ortz,
Sarah Stair.
246 $i Corrected title: $a Intergenerational communication
250 $a First revised edition.
260 $a [United States] : $b United States Research Council, $c [2009?]
300 $a 212 pages
336 $a text $2 marccontent
338 $a volume $2 marccarrier
490 $a USRC research report ; $v number XVI
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注意到 MARC21的336欄位(content type)及338 欄位(carrier type)了嗎？

RDA對資料類型標示已不用GMD 及 SMD (General Material Designation, Specific Material Designation)名稱，而以 content type, carrier type 及 media type (內容類型、載體類型及媒體類型)來取代 (也就是MARC21的 336, 338, 337欄位)。

在RDA的第6 章( Identifying Works and Expressions)中6.9有對 Content Type(內容類型)作解釋：fundamental form of communication in which the content is expressed and the human sense through which it is intended to be perceived；或見訓練資料Module4 slide66—。簡單說，Content Type指資料內容表現的類型。

在RDA的第3章(Describing Carriers )中3.3有對 Carrier Type(載體類型)作解釋：
the format of the storage medium and housing of a carrier in combination with the type of intermediation device required to view, play, run, etc., the content of a resource ；或見訓練資料Module3 slide62--。簡單說，Carrier Type是資料所儲存的載體之類型。

至於和載體類型很相像的 Media Type(媒體類型) ，它是指：對用來播出資料內容的裝置，所訂出籠統的大類 (Media type reflects the general type of intermediation device required to view, play, run, etc., the content of a resource)[3]；此資料也許可以透過“載體類型”來自動產生(information could be machine-generated from Carrier type)。[4]

我便將content types, carrier types(部份資料), media types作了對照表，或許會容易些區別他們間的同異。(http://spreadsheets.google.com/pub?key=tjXGc2Q_InbjwSDnq4rTKzQ&single=true&gid=0&output=html)

註：
[1] 見 RDA Test Training Exercises: Answers (http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/RDAtest/rdatraining.html)
[2] 核心資料元素(core elements)：The assignment of core status was made based on attributes mandatory for a national level record as documented in the FRBR and FRAD modules(訓練資料Module2 slide13)；或 RDA Core elements and FRBR user tasks(http://www.rda-jsc.org/docs/5chair15.pdf)
[3] RDA Draft Ch3.2 (http://www.rdaonline.org/constituencyreview/)
[4] MARC 21 encoding to accommodate RDA elements (http://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/RDAtest/rdatraining.html) tag337

相關資料：資訊資源類型標示研探 (陳和琴) (PDF)